Sagittaria sagittifolia, commonly known as Arrowhead or Duck Potato, is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Alismataceae. It is native to North America and is commonly found in wetland habitats, such as marshes, ponds, and along the edges of streams and lakes. Here's a detailed description and care guide for Sagittaria sagittifolia:

Description:
Sagittaria sagittifolia is a clump-forming aquatic plant with long, arrowhead-shaped leaves that give it its common name. The leaves are typically green and can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) in length. Each leaf has a prominent central vein and is attached to a long stalk that emerges from the rhizome. The plant produces tall flower stalks that rise above the foliage and bear small, white flowers with three petals. The flowers have a yellow center and are followed by small, rounded seed capsules.

Care Guide:

Lighting: Arrowhead thrives in full sun to partial shade. It prefers at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, it can tolerate some shade, especially in hotter climates.

Water: Arrowhead is an aquatic plant and requires a consistent water supply. It prefers to be submerged in water with a depth of 2-12 inches (5-30 cm). If grown in a garden, make sure to keep the soil consistently moist. Regular watering is necessary to prevent drying out. If grown in containers, place them in a tray with water or use a hydroponic system.

Soil: Arrowhead can grow in a wide range of soil types, including clay, loam, or sandy soil. It prefers soil that is rich in organic matter and well-draining. If grown in containers, use a potting mix specifically formulated for aquatic plants.

Temperature: Arrowhead is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 3-11. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, including frost and freezing conditions. It is adaptable to both cool and warm climates.

Maintenance: Remove any dead or yellowing leaves to maintain a tidy appearance. Prune back any overgrown or spreading stems to keep the plant in check. Arrowhead can spread vigorously through its rhizomes, so monitor its growth and control it if necessary to prevent overcrowding.

Propagation: Arrowhead can be propagated by division or by collecting and sowing its seeds. Divisions can be done in spring or early fall. Collect mature seeds and sow them in prepared soil or directly in water, keeping them consistently moist until they germinate.

Pests and Diseases: Arrowhead is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, it may occasionally attract aphids or snails. Monitor the plant for any signs of pest infestation and take appropriate measures if necessary.

Arrowhead is a versatile and attractive plant that adds a natural and wild touch to water gardens, ponds, or wetland areas. It provides habitat for aquatic wildlife and can help improve water quality. By following these care guidelines, you can successfully grow Sagittaria sagittifolia and enjoy its beautiful foliage and delicate white flowers in your aquatic garden.